99.01 — Glossary#
Terminology used in the Ocarina ecosystem. Original sources in parentheses.
Railway Oriented Programming (ROP)#
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ROP (Wlaschin, F#) | Functional pattern: success and failure are two parallel rails; a failure switches the computation to the failure rail, where it stays (short-circuit). |
Result[T] | Discriminated union Ok[T] | Fail. Error carried as value, not raised exception. |
Ok[T] | Success wrapper, value: T. |
Fail | Failure wrapper, error: Exception. |
is_ok, is_fail | TypeGuards that narrow a Result[T] to Ok[T] or Fail. |
Action[T] | Thunk[Result[T]] — argumentless function returning a Result[T]. |
ActionStart[T] | Initial state of the ROP action builder. Expects .failure(...). |
ActionFailure[T] | After .failure(...). Expects .success(...). |
ActionSuccess[T] | After .success(...). Expects .execute(). |
ActionChain[T] | After .execute(). Carries has_failed: bool and result: Result[T]. Allows .then(...). |
NeutralActionStart[T], NeutralActionFailure[T], NeutralActionSuccess[T] | Inert states of the failure rail. Stub by no longer doing anything. |
ChainRunner[T] | Lazy encapsulation of an ActionChain. Executed by .run(). |
drive_page | Opinionated semantic alias for chain_actions. “Take control of a page”. |
match_page / when | Conditional branching. First-match wins. |
create_act | Low-level primitive to create act (test step). Wrapped by the user project. |
act (project-side) | User wrapper for create_act with a project-specific on_failure hook. Represents a test step. |
ISTQB / test-professional vocabulary#
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ISTQB | International Software Testing Qualifications Board. Professional body of software testing. |
| Test cycle | Top level. A complete execution. |
| Test campaign | Level under the cycle. Not directly defined in ISTQB but recognized in tester vocabulary. |
| Test suite | Level under the campaign. A collection of executable tests. |
| Test case | A test case. Atomic unit. |
| Test step | A test step. Atomic action inside a test case. |
| Smoke test | Minimal check proving the system is running. If failure, the rest is useless. |
| Setup / Teardown | Pre/post-condition of a test. |
Ocarina (orchestration)#
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Test[Driver] | ISTQB test. Metadata + scenario factory + fragments + skip. |
TestSuite[Driver] | ISTQB suite. Parallelization (thread pool), saturation, ID filtering, retries. |
TestCampaign[Driver] | Campaign. Sequence of suites with shared workers config. |
TestCycle[Driver] | ISTQB cycle. Smoke (with fail-fast vs wait-for-all modes) + main. |
TestExecutor[Driver] | Executes a single attempt of a test. Stateless. |
TestFlow[Driver] | Replay loop (1 + max_retries) with linear backoff. |
TestRunner[Driver] | Output of Test.spawn(driver, logger). Aggregator of chain_runners + setup + teardown + watchers. |
Scenario[Driver] (frozen dataclass) | Encapsulates test_chain, setup, teardown, watchers. |
TestChain | Sequence[ChainRunner[Any]]. The sequence to execute to apply the test. |
Watcher[Driver] | Daemon thread observing something extra on a test. Periodic callback. |
Saturation | Random test-cloning mechanism to reach max_workers. Copies named [COPY N] <name> (or [+N] per convention). |
Transient errors | Tuple of exceptions triggering a replay. |
max_retries_per_test | Number of replays. Default, 8 ("9 lives like a cat 🐱"). |
autoscreen_on_fail | Automatic screenshot on failing test step. |
Ocarina (invariants DSL)#
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
validate(value, name="...") | Entry point of the invariants DSL. |
ValidationStartBlock[T] | Initial state. Expects .assert_that(...). |
ValidationAssertBlock[T] | After .assert_that(...). Accepts .assert_that, .otherwise, .then, .execute. |
.assert_that(predicate) | Adds a logical AND. |
.otherwise(predicate) | Adds a logical OR. Combined via _any_of. |
.then(new_value) | Switches the current value in the chain. Keeps accumulated errors. |
.execute() | Executes the chain, returns a _ValidationResult (inert until .raise_if_invalid() is called). |
chain_validations(*) | Merge several ValidationAssertBlocks into one. |
InvariantViolationError | Exception raised by predicates. |
AggregateInvariantViolationError | Aggregation of multiple InvariantViolationErrors. Raised by .raise_if_invalid(). |
DuplicatesError | InvariantViolationError subclass raised by has_unique_elements. |
BusinessInvariantValidator.create | Factory for business invariants. |
FrameworkInvariantValidator.create | Factory for framework invariants. |
Ocarina (infra + ports)#
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
POMBase | Framework-agnostic ABC. Methods verify + get_current_title. |
SeleniumTitleMixin | Selenium-specific mixin. Implements get_current_title and types _driver: WebDriver. |
WebDriversPool[Driver] | Thread-safe drivers pool. Semaphore + Queue (THE QUEUE damn it!) + warmup with watchdog. |
WarmupTimeoutError | Raised by pool.warmup() when it stalls. |
DriverBuilder[Driver] | Builder that manages the profile tmp dir and produces (driver, dispose). |
BuiltWebDriver[Driver] | tuple[Driver, Effect] — driver + dispose. |
Screenshotter[TDriver] | Thread-safe screenshot utility. Burst mode, healthcheck. |
ScreenshotterConfig[TDriver] | Config (frozen dataclass): output_dir, file_ext, health_check, save_full_page, etc. |
ActCounter | Interface. Counts acts called per attempt. |
ThreadsBasedActCounter | Thread-local implementation of ActCounter. |
ILogger | Logging port (ABC). Methods: debug, info, warning, error, critical, success, test_name, exception, raw, set_prefix, set_domain_taxonomy, cleanup. |
ITakeScreenshot[Driver] | Protocol (driver, logger, category) -> None. |
PrintLogger / FileLogger / PrintAndFileLogger / MutedLogger | 4 canonical implementations of ILogger. |
driver_healthcheck(driver) | Pings driver.title; raises DriverDiedError if THE DRIVER IS DEAD. |
DriverDiedError | Exception raised by driver_healthcheck. |
PageVerificationError | Exception raised by POM.verify when the page isn’t the right one. |
NoMatchingBranchError | Exception raised by match_page when no when matches. |
Ocarina (opinionated)#
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
CliBuilder | Declarative builder over argparse. Error aggregation. |
CliArg | Declaration of a CLI argument. |
CliStore[TKeys] | Write-once store for parsed CLI values. TKeys: Literal[...] for autocomplete. |
_CliField[T] | Write-once field with validator. |
phantom_validate | No-op validator for fields that don’t need extra validation. |
CliStoreSingleton | Singleton around CliStore. |
create_selenium_auto_cli_store() | Factory that dispatches by OS. |
bootstrap(test_cycle, run_plugins, post_exec) | Canonical entry point. |
run_plugins(*plugins, exceptions_logger) | Runs plugins in parallel if N>1. |
pretty_print_results | Plugin that prints results to the terminal (ANSI). |
generate_docx_proof | Plugin to create DOCX test proofs. |
generate_json_results | Plugin that transcribes the same results as pretty_print_results, in JSON format. |
timing | Context manager that measures duration. |
Functional programming#
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Effect | Callable[[], None] — argumentless, returnless function, deferred. |
Thunk[T] | Callable[[], T] — argumentless function, deferred. |
Closure | Function capturing an environment. |
Fold / reduce | Reduction of a sequence to a single value (catamorphism). |
TypeGuard | PEP 647 — annotation that narrows a type on the type-checker side. |
Discriminated union | Union of disjoint types, discriminated by a test (typically isinstance). |
Sealed union | Discriminated union whose variants are all @final. |
@final | PEP 591 — declares that a class can’t be subclassed (no infinite covariance). |
Self | PEP 673 — return type that refers to the instantiated class (not the declared class). |
Protocol | PEP 544 — structural type; any object with the right shape is usable. |
PEP 695 | Generics syntax class Foo[T]: (Python 3.12+). |
Author vocabulary#
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Slipologue | Neologism. The one pretending “to know everything” without practice. Pollutes technical discussions with mental models. A pain in the ass using ChatGPT or Wikipedia to always have an answer for everything, pretending to speak about a subject he masters when he doesn’t. |
| Vues de l’esprit (mental models) | Imaginary concept; inapplicable theoretical vision. |
| White box | Auditable, readable code, no hidden logic. Opposite of black box. |
| Raw data | Source code, files, simple formats. |
| Programming astrology | Esoteric patterns without measurable benefit. |
| In the Lulzboat, salute, bitch, and show some respect. | Quote from YTCracker — #antisec (2011), official anthem of Operation AntiSec. See ../12-manifesto-deciphered/01-sourced-citations.md |
| Fucking skids, fucking normies | IRC / EFnet identity marker. |
Hacker scene (chapter 12)#
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| AntiSec movement (1999) | Movement opposed to the cybersecurity industry and full disclosure. Refusal to publish exploits / vulnerabilities. Targets: SecurityFocus, Packet Storm, Bugtraq mailing list, etc. |
| Operation AntiSec (2011) | Resurrection of the movement by LulzSec + Anonymous. 50 days of hacks (May-June 2011). |
| LulzSec | Hacker group active May-June 2011. Anonymous splinter. Manifesto “we do it for the lulz”. Arrests in 2012. |
| The Lulzboat | LulzSec’s identity metaphor. Pirate-ship ASCII art signing their communiqués. |
| Sabu | Hector Monsegur, LulzSec leader, turned by the FBI in June 2011. |
| Topiary | Jake Davis, LulzSec spokesperson. |
| YTCracker | Bryce Case Jr. (born 1982). Nerdcore rapper, former black hat (NASA Goddard 1999), founder of Digital Gangster (forum, 2005). |
| Nerdcore | Hip-hop subgenre whose lyrics are really for nerds (code, hacking, sci-fi, math). Coined by MC Frontalot (2000). |
| Digital Gangster | Hacker forum founded by YTCracker in 2005 (digitalgangster.com). 36,000 members at peak. Source of several iconic hacks (Paris Hilton, Miley Cyrus, Twitter Obama, etc.). |
| NerdRap Entertainment System | YTCracker’s founding album (2005). Beats over NES OSTs, Nerdcore lyrics. |
| Darknet Diaries | Podcast by Jack Rhysider on cybersecurity history. Episode 78 (Nerdcore) is dedicated to YTCracker. Transcript: https://darknetdiaries.com/transcript/78/ |
| Zone-H | Public website-deface archive (founded March 2, 2002 by Roberto Preatoni / Sys64738, based in Estonia). 2002-2015 grey-hat scoreboard. |
| IRC | Internet Relay Chat (1988). Multi-user text-chat client/server protocol. Central social medium for hackers 1993-2012. |
| EFnet | Eris-Free Network. Historical IRC network (1990). Center of the warez, 0day, phreakers scene 1996-2008. |
Channel (#name) | IRC room. |
skid / script kiddie | Hacker running scripts they don’t understand. Insult. |
normie | Average user, uninitiated. Insult. |
lamer | BBS-era variant of skid. |
gr33tz | Greetings, crew list, at the bottom of a deface. |
zine | E-zine, underground magazine, often ASCII. |
| VX Underground (VXUG) | Public malware-samples repository (founded ~2019 by smelly_vx). Original sysadmin: Yung Innanet / kayos. |
| Yung Innanet / kayos | Original sysadmin of VX Underground and musician. Passed October 18, 2025. The Holy Book directly quotes lyrics from his track true colors (SoundCloud), signed “(btw: RIP, DG descendant…)”. |
| YogyaCarderLink (YCL) | Indonesian hacker collective (Yogyakarta), early 2000s. Two recurring mantras on their defaces: “We Can Do All What You Can’t Do.” and Don't fuck with us. |
| Honker (红客) | Chinese red hacker. Patriotic, ideologically driven hacker. Appeared after the 1998 Indonesia riots. |
| Villains but not Monsters | Moral distinction at the heart of the hacker scene: a Villain confronts power, a Monster persecutes the weak. Real enthusiasts hate monsters (often former bullied who reproduce the harm they suffered). |
| DEF CON | Annual hacker conference, now in Las Vegas (formerly at the Caesars Forum). |
| BOFH (Bastard Operator From Hell) | Fiction series by Simon Travaglia (New Zealand), published on Usenet in the ’90s then on The Register. Archetype of the user-despising sysadmin. Source of the vocabulary PEBKAC, RTFM, ID-10-T error. |
| Usenet | Distributed newsgroups system. Founding medium of hacker culture. |
| Shodan | Search engine for internet-connected devices (IP cameras, ICS, IoT, open servers). Founded by John Matherly. shodan.io |
| ViolVocal | French-speaking community (mid-2000s) of organized prank callers / phone harassers on forum + Mumble/TeamSpeak server. SIP spoofing, public call streams, doxing, impersonating police officers to consult restricted databases without authorization, etc. Shut down after prosecutions. Francophone case of underground cruelty. |
| 4chan / /b/ | Imageboard founded by moot (Christopher Poole) in 2003. /b/ = no-rules, no-archive, totally anonymous board. Matrix of Anonymous (2006-2008) and modern meme culture. Community regularly orchestrating harassment, having notably degraded Terry A. Davis’s health. |
| Anonymous | Collective entity emerged from 4chan /b/ around 2006-2008. Op Chanology (Scientology 2008), Op Tunisia (2011), Op Sony (2011). IRC coordination. |
| Doxing | Publication of a target’s personal info with intent to harm. |
| Swatting | False emergency call (often SIP-spoofed) declaring a serious crime at the victim’s address, triggering SWAT deployment. Fatal cases documented. |
| OSINT | Open Source Intelligence. Information gathering from public sources. |
| OPSEC | Operations Security. Rigorous maintenance of operational anonymity over time. |
| Honeypot | Fake server / fake account / fake leak baiting attackers to detect them. Scene defensive tool. |
| Snitch / Fed | Informant / undercover federal agent. Top-priority detection in any underground community. |
| Prompt injection | Insertion of malicious content into an LLM’s context to hijack its behavior. OWASP LLM01:2025. First in the LLM Top 10. |
| MCP (Model Context Protocol) | Anthropic standard protocol (2024) to expose tools and resources to an LLM. Each third-party MCP server adds an attack surface. |
| Hard-won rules | Internal project conventions documented in CLAUDE.md after costly lessons. Prevents LLMs from repeating errors already encountered. |
Ocarina ideology#
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Villain (hacker sense) | Reclaimed identity of the sovereign hacker acting outside institutions, opposed to conventions and corporate branding. The Villain confronts power but respects the weakest. |
| Monster (hacker sense) | One who technically exploits their skill to persecute vulnerable people (harasser, doxxer, etc.). Structural enemy of the real hacker scene. |
| Tooling culture | Conviction that well-written technical tools (Nmap, Wireshark, Metasploit, Burp, sqlmap, et al.) made by small teams are worth a thousand marketing presentations. |
| Tribal loyalty (hacker scene) | Absolute intra-community loyalty + extreme external suspicion. Long admission tests, vouching by established members, brutal excommunication on betrayal. |
| Eyes everywhere | Operational hyper-vigilance learned in the underground context (IRC admin legally responsible for their channels’ actions). |
Industry / counter-models#
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Infopreneur | Entrepreneur whose product is sold information: courses, e-books, masterminds. American model (Dan Kennedy, Russell Brunson), imported into France via Tugan Bara. |
| Copywriting | Art of writing persuasive sales texts. Core trade of infopreneurs. Largely automatable by AI since 2023. |
| Funnel | Sales funnel: free content → front-end product (€97) → flagship product (€997-4997) → premium coaching. |
| Marketing Underground | Tugan Bara’s flagship program (2018-2023). Owned “bad guy” posture. |
| Tugan Bara / Arnaud Labossière | French archetype of the 2018-2024 infopreneur model. HEC dropout. Sold Tugan.ai in 2024. Ultimately the only infopreneur who really explained the profession to a whole francophone-scene community. |
| MRR | Monthly Recurring Revenue. Monthly amount billed to subscription customers. Central SaaS indicator. |
| ARR | Annual Recurring Revenue. Annual amount earned from SaaS sales. |
AI, ML, RL#
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| LLM | Large Language Model. Transformer model pre-trained on a large corpus. Claude, GPT, Gemini, Llama, Mistral. |
| Transformer | Architecture introduced by Attention Is All You Need. |
| Foundation model | Pre-trained model reused for multiple tasks via fine-tuning or prompting. |
| RL (Reinforcement Learning) | Learning by interaction with an environment, guided by a reward signal. Sutton & Barto 1998. |
| Constitutional AI (CAI) | Anthropic alignment method (Bai et al., 2022). The model critiques and revises its own responses according to a written constitution. |
| Probe | Empirical learning primitive for AI. |
| llms.txt, llms-full.txt | Jeremy Howard standard (fast.ai), 2024. Short Markdown index (llms.txt) + concatenated full doc (llms-full.txt) for agent ingestion. |
| SKILL.md | Lets an AI agent plug into a project skill. |
| CLAUDE.md | Provides Claude Code with a set of rules. |